![]() ![]() Infants ( 10%, annual PC with PZQ is recommended. Schistosomiasis has an age-dependent intensity of infection and focal epidemiology, influenced by human water-contact patterns ( 4). PZQ resistance will also be analyzed in the context of alternative factors that may decrease efficacy within endemic field settings, and the most recent treatment guidelines recommended by the WHO. mansoni and proposes additional genetic determinants associated with PZQ resistance. This review discusses recent significant advances in understanding the molecular basis of PZQ action in S. Until recently, drug resistance studies have been hindered by the lack of molecular markers associated with PZQ resistance. Therefore, there is a need to detect and track resistant schistosomes to counteract the threat of drug resistance to the WHO 2030 NTD roadmap targets. The reliance on a single drug to treat a disease of this magnitude is worrying should drug resistance develop. The scale up of MDA programs may heighten the drug selection pressures on Schistosoma parasites, which could lead to the emergence of PZQ resistant schistosomes. The new World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines aim to provide equitable access to PZQ for individuals above two years old in targeted areas. Due to the success of MDA programs, the disease has recently been targeted for elimination as a public health problem in some endemic settings. These programs have been successful in reducing the prevalence and intensity of infections. The mainstay of schistosomiasis control is the delivery of a single dose of praziquantel (PZQ) through mass drug administration (MDA) programs. Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by parasitic trematodes belonging to the Schistosoma genus.
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